The financial crisis did have tremendous effects on public sectors worldwide. While there is plenty of research on reactions at the state level and by single local governments, research on the particular impacts at local levels are scarce. This article evolves a framework of "direct" and...

Since Yemen’s reunification in 1990, decentralization reforms periodically resurface on the national political agenda. They seem to offer a positive way to address the major political and developmental challenges that the country is facing: to build a modern State in a tribal society, to...