the health crisis have resulted in a significant standstill in economic activity in most economies. The economic impact on … findings confirm that the effects of the restrictions imposed on economic activity in Spain to contain the pandemic vary …

The COVID-19 pandemic and its mobility restrictions have been an external shock, influencing wellbeing. However, does … differential timing of the effect of the pandemic across European countries, and the different stringency of lockdown to examine … lockdown took effect. However, such effects are wiped out when a country exhibits high mortality ('pandemic category 5'). Hence …

Lockdowns imposed to fight the Covid-19 pandemic have cross-border effects. In this paper, we estimate the empirical … first wave of the pandemic. Countries with a higher export share are particularly exposed to lockdown spillovers. …

. Our ndings have implications for the policy response to Covid-19 and suggest that the eventual death toll of the pandemic …