The smooth operation of a logistics system in an international environment requires careful planning on the part of the firm. All aspects have to be planned for and every possible contingency examined. Once the shipment leaves the shipper′s dock it is out of his control until it arrives at the...

In assessing international marketing endeavours, it is essential to understand customer services as a function of the logistics structures of global organisations. Users form idiosyncratic perceptions of service, and these ultimately influence the survival of the organisation‐customer...