The design of closed-loop logistics (forward and reverse logistics) has attracted growing attention with the stringent pressures of customer expectations, environmental concerns and economic factors. This paper considers a multi-product, multi-period and multi-objective closed-loop logistics...

For VRP with time windows (VRPTW) solved by conventional cluster-first and route-second approach, temporal information is usually considered with vehicle routing but ignored in the process of clustering. We propose an alternative approach based on spatiotemporal partitioning to solving a...