with their business partners. Efficiency of the contract is determined by comparing the performance of independent … companies under the contract to the supply chain performance under the central decision maker assumption. We propose a penalty … and reward contract between a manufacturer and its logistics service provider that distributes the manufacturer’s products …

–RS contract to improve performance. We find that, compared with decentralized options, CS and RS contracts achieve a higher level … contracts, neither can fully coordinate the supply chain. The proposed hybrid CS-RS contract allows the manufacturer to share …