according to the local labor market density. While residents in the least dense areas do not adjust their commuting distance …Over the past several decades, most industrialized countries have experienced a rise in commuting distances, spurring … scholarly interest in its determinants. The primary theoretical explanation for longer commuting distances is based on higher …

. Traditional literature often models commuting from an urban perspective, focusing on the trade-off between commuting and housing …Commuting is a significant aspect of workers' daily routines and is associated with various negative outcomes … of couples' commuting, wages, labor supply, and consumption. Using data from the PSID for the years 2011-2019, results …

The shadow wage is the social opportunity cost of labor. After reviewing earlier theoretical and empirical literature … dualism (ULD) and rural labor dualism (RLD). We offer, for the first time to date, an empirical estimation of the shadow wages … of data. We find that the conversion factor for the shadow wage rate is 0.998 in 29 FSE regions (mostly capital cities …

We analyze the impact of wage taxation on the workplace choices of and the commuting costs borne by individuals in an … that individuals work in the region in which their after-tax wage net of commuting costs is the highest, we compute the … rural region. The wage is higher (lower) in the urban (rural) region. Our analysis leads to three findings. First, assuming …