complexity and its training requirements. When two tasks are equally complex, firms will automate the task that requires more … training and in which labor is hence more expensive. Under quite general conditions this leads to job polarization, a decline …. The model makes novel predictions regarding occupational training requirements, which we find to be consistent with US …

Job polarization the rise in employment shares of high and low skill jobs at the expense of middle skill jobs occurred … engineering sense) of the task, against the cost of employing workers, which is increasing in training time required by the task …. Insights from artificial intelligence and robotics suggest that some tasks do not require training regardless of complexity …

growth. Each of these results are consistent with wage compression that skills acquired through training and learning …Firms frequently provide general skill training to workers at the firm's cost. Theories proposed that labor market … firms. We first document that the firm provides upfront training, and show that both workers' tenure and the initial fee …

to take up on-the-job training, to climb up the career ladder, or to eventually leave to professions more suitable to … overeducated workers have a significantly higher probability to take up on-the-job training than adequately educated workers and …