not have children and not due to the wage penalty incurred by mothers. …We examine how much children and responsibilities related with them contribute towards the divergence of men's and …

This paper examines the impact of children on female wages in the UK using the National Child Development Study … participation and fertility. The wage differential between women without children and women with children is estimated to range …-selection model, the wage differential between mothers and childless women reduces to just 10%-13% …

between mothers and similar women with no children. Mothers send 12.2% fewer job applications and are more selective regarding …Why do women experience a persistent drop in labor earnings upon becoming mothers, i.e. a "child penalty"? We study a … applications are sent and highlight differences in the timing of job search. We find that mothers' rate of applications decreases …

children on the labor market earnings of women and men (often referred to as child penalties). We measure long-run child …, and even turns into a child premium after 15 years, offsetting the initial setbacks experienced when children are young …. Our findings therefore challenge the widely held view that children are the primary drivers behind the long-run gender gap …