by parental preferences: if parents prefer certain sex compositions over others, children's gender affects not only the …We examine how the gender of a sibling affects earnings, education and family formation. Identification is complicated … outcomes of other children but also the very existence of potential additional children. We address this problem by looking at …

We examine how much children and responsibilities related with them contribute towards the divergence of men's and … women's wages, and consequently, to the formation of the gender wage gap. To derive the relative contribution of gender … specific wage inequalities caused by the parenthood to the overall gender wage gap, we provide a modification of standard …

labour market dimensions. Gender inequalities are further aggravated among people with children. Women with children under 16 … are much more likely to be unemployed, work part-time or on temporary contracts than men with children of the same age. We … subsidised or free childcare for very young children, could help reduce the motherhood penalty. However, such policies are likely …