the selection patterns, we nonparametrically estimate the counterfactual wages that the return migrants would have … that the wages of return migrants are larger than those that the migrants would have obtained had they not migrated. …

This paper investigates the importance of heterogeneity in the labor earning shock processes. We analyze the earning … shock process for both male and female workers in several countries. We argue that unlike time series analysis, in a life … persistent labor earning shock. Even though the overall variance profile is non-linear, we can show that earning shock is highly …