We revisit debates on the regulation of IPOs by analyzing failure rates of IPOs carried out between 1900 and 1913 on the London and Berlin stock exchanges, two of the leading financial markets during the early 20th century. IPOs were regulated more heavily in Germany than in Britain and, as...

This article discusses what accounts for the increasing popularity of the dual-class share structure (DCS) globally, and explains why the Deliveroo’s IPO in London underperformed as it might contravene the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing principle

We analyse the motives and market valuation of various forms of stock market delisting. We show that firms that delist voluntarily are likely to have come to the market to rebalance their leverage rather than to finance their growth opportunities. During their public life, their leverage...