Airline industry restructuring proceeded in high gear following the 9/11 attacks, which triggered a global air transport crisis in the beginning of the new millennium. European (network) legacy carriers have been reorganizing to meet low-cost challengers in European and new competition in global...

This study examines the relationship between Turkey's airline markets, which responded to local economic shocks, and the USA and Europe airlines market using daily closing stock price data from January 2016 to June 2022. All the variables are non-stationary at level but stationary at first...