Italien leidet politisch und ökonomisch unter der Finanzkrise in der Europäischen Union. Das Wachstum ist negativ und die Arbeitslosigkeit steigt. Obwohl die Neuverschuldung verringert wurde und die Handelsbilanz Überschüsse aufweist, bleibt ein Zinsspread bestehen. Zudem ist zu befürchten,...

People see the integration process as an opportunity for Romania to overcome this difficult economic situation, as a way out of the decline of an extremely complicated transition process. If the Romanians look at the Member States of the European Union, they see their closeness as an...

After a decade of high growth, the Russian economy is experiencing a slowdown in the wake of the global financial crisis. While Russia's strong short-term macroeconomic fundamentals make it better prepared than many emerging economies to deal with the crisis, its underlying structural weaknesses...

The world has entered the first global recession since the Second World War. The impact of the crisis worldwide is proving far deeper and broader than previously thought. The impact on Russia has been accentuated by its structural vulnerabilities: dependence on the oil and gas sector, a narrow...

2009 has been a difficult year, with larger-than-expected losses in output and employment and a sharp rise in poverty. But the Russian economy, aided by higher oil prices and stronger global demand, is beginning to turn around - very slowly. In 2010, it could grow modestly from a low base, by...

The global recession has deepened, with larger than expected declines in output and employment in many countries, Russia included. Global output is now expected to decline full 2.9 percent in 2009, with high-income countries hardest hit. Real economy and social impact on Russia was also larger...

We estimate the long-run effects of oil wealth on development by exploiting spatial variation in sedimentary basins---areas where petroleum can potentially form. Instrumental variables estimates indicate that oil production impedes democracy and fiscal capacity development, increases corruption,...

Increasing in the amount of the investments directing to the development of the oil and non-oil sectors by the government for the development of this area, and useful economy atmosphere creating in Azerbaijan Republic. This increasing shows itself not only in theoretically and also in practical...

The purpose of this study is the analysis of the new institutional economics according to parameters and criteria that affect the growth and economic development such as free movement of capital, contract enforcement, information costs, risk transfer costs, free competition and their application...

This paper is an attempt to analyze the social indicators of two government eras i.e. the military regime of General Pervaiz Musharraf (FY00-FY05) and the democratic governments of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the Muslim League (FY89-FY99). Since the social indicators are the benchmark &...