-level fixed effects models, estimated with rich plot-level data on more than 200,000 seed and pesticide choices by U.S. maize and … patterns of pesticide use. How this process ultimately affects environmental risk remains an open question. Previous studies … have typically relied on aggregate trends to infer the impact of GE crop adoption on pesticide use, which fails to address …

of these programs. This article considers one such program, the Zambian Food Reserve Agency (FRA), which purchases maize … from smallholder farmers at a pan-territorial price that typically exceeds maize market prices in surplus production areas … effects of the FRA's maize marketing activities on smallholder farm household welfare. Results suggest that FRA activities …