This paper examines the changing nature of ethnic and religious identification in Malaysia, drawing upon a survey of attitudes conducted in three locations in Malaysia. The paper argues that the widely perceived political shift from a prevailing ethnic Malay/non-Malay dichotomy towards a more...

Apart from military threats, the non-military threat is worth noting. First of all, one of the elements in Malaysian political security is related to ethnicity. The importance of ethnicity is a central factor when discussing almost any issue in Malaysia. The influence of this approach is strong...

This paper reviews several approaches for measuring and evaluating ethnic diversity. Based on Simpson's diversity index, a metric commonly used in biodiversity research, an "ethnic diversity index" (EDI) is developed that describes the degree of variety of ethnic groups living together on a...