On the heels of widespread patient protection legislation in the states, the managed care industry abandoned or greatly scale back the core elements of gatekeeping, utilization management, and financial incentives, which are the very targets of this legislation. This article explores whether,...

Opinions are deeply divided over whether rewarding physicians for lowering costs decreases trust in physicians or insurers. To explore the effects of disclosing physician payment methods in HMOs, members of two similar HMO plans were randomized to intervention and control groups, and the...

In response to widespread dissatisfaction with managed care, states have enacted numerous statutes, known as managed care patient protection laws, that address concerns of consumers and medical care providers. These laws include (in various combinations): (1) liability and external review...