Wholey, Douglas; Engberg, John; Bryce, Cindy - In: Health Care Management Science 9 (2006) 2, pp. 189-206
This paper examines the evolution of average productivity among HMOs for 4,419 Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) from 1985 to 2001. For both IPA and non-IPA HMOs, HMO productivity increased from 1990 to 1996 and rapidly decreased from 1997 to 2001. In contrast to cost functions that show...