Firms with more levels of decision-making hierarchies achieve in average poorer results but have lower overall risks. This is the consequence of poor managerial assessments, where errors of the first and second order reduce the firm’s performance. Despite the negative effect of hierarchies,...

Islamic Values and Management Practices Quality and Transformation in the Arab World MAQBOULEH M. HAMMOUDEH GOWER Contents List of Figures and Tables vu Preface ...