Few studies have attempted to examine how American managers actually manage while on assignment in foreign countries or … expatriate managers in Hong Kong to a sample of American managers in the U.S. and Hong Kong Chinese managers in Hong Kong. The … results from the study indicated that American expatriate managers in Hong Kong exhibit very similar managerial behaviours to …

We show that increasing the intensity of product market competition can reduce discrimination against female managers …, even in an environment in which all employers have a preference for discrimination. The reason is that due to the glass … ceiling effect, female managers will, on average, be more skilled than male managers and will therefore, on average, be more …