New Public Management (NPM) has been guiding public sector reform for about 25 years now. Its position on the design of effective management control structures rests on three key ideas: (1) performance improvement requires a results-oriented culture that emphasizes outcomes rather than inputs or...

Using archival data from the U.S. passenger airline industry, this study examines whether management control mechanisms aimed at mitigating moral hazard explain outsourcing decisions over and above transaction cost economics (TCE) determinants documented in prior research. Consistent with TCE...