We collect detailed survey data on financial managers' annual bonus plans and extensively validate a measure of the … financial targets are positively associated with financial managers' willingness to engage in unethical behavior. In contrast … find that willingness to engage in unethical behavior is lower when financial managers are close to retirement, when they …

Earnings management literature argues that managers' compensation contracts are based on financial performance measures … relationship between discretionary accruals (DA) as a proxy for earning management and the relative importance of NFPM in managers …