In this article, we argue that the U.S. corporate governance rules put too much faith in the independent board members and insufficient emphasis on the shareholders themselves to control and monitor the top management. Given the agency problem between the board of directors and the shareholders,...

We document that African-American executives, on average, earn zero abnormal profits frominsider trades, in contrast to Asian-American and Caucasian executives who earn significantlypositive abnormal profits. We also find that these differences cannot be attributed to differencesin industry,...

In this article, we analyze whether the manipulation of stock options still continues to this day. Our evidence shows that executives continue to employ a variety of manipulative devices to increase their compensation, including backdating, bullet-dodging, and spring- loading. Overall, we find...