This is a major comparative study of big business in the three leading European nations across the course of the 20th Century. Drawing on a carefully constructed sample of leading companies from the UK, France, and Germany, the author analyses the relationship between corporate and national...

This paper investigates how conservative managers make corporate decisions. Motivated by psychology research, we use handwritten signatures (i.e., emotionally restraint disclosure styles) as a proxy for CEO conservatism. We find that firms with conservative CEOs engage more with safer...