Leadership effectiveness can be divided into two broad categories that include getting along behaviors (teamwork and empowerment of others) and/or getting ahead behaviors (visioning, energizing, designing and rewarding). This study examines the effects of emotional intelligence on getting along...

Objective: Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in preparation for a leadership role and due to increasing leadership experience? Method: Using data from the German...