results suggest that the main effect of religiosity has no significant effect on the reduction of accruals manipulation … negative influence of religiosity on accrual manipulation, we find that it strengthens the positive influence of religiosity on … manipulation of real activity. …

order to keep funds flowing. In contrast, this paper finds that total (expected) manipulation across two rounds of short …-term financing may be either greater than or lower than manipulation with long-term financing. Manipulation in the two rounds may … either act as complements or substitutes, depending on whether one is looking forward or backward in time. Regulatory fraud …