We estimate the effects of manufacturers' use of employment services—comprised primarily of temporary help and professional employer organizations—on measured employment and labor productivity in manufacturing between 1989 and 2004. A major contribution of the paper is the construction of...

We estimate the effects of manufacturers' use of employment services comprised primarily of temporary help and professional employer organizations on measured employment and labor productivity in manufacturing between 1989 and 2004. A major contribution of the paper is the construction of panel...