This study analyzes the electric and thermal energy efficiency for five different metal-based durable manufacturing industries in the United States from 1987-2012 at the 3 digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) level. Using confidential plant-level data on energy use and...

Sustainable energy transition is garnering attention as a method to achieve emission reduction targets. In this transition, technology learning and spillovers, which are representative sources of technological change, have significant implications. Most previous studies focused on inter-country...