The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. To reduce cost to the WIC program, each State awards a sole-source contract to a formula manufacturer to provide its product to WIC participants in the...

USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children— commonly known as WIC—is the largest purchaser of infant formula in the United States. Each State awards a sole-source contract to a formula manufacturer to provide its product to WIC participants. As a...

Formation of the Producers Export Company (PEC) in 1958 was a first attempt by grain cooperatives to develop an export merchandising program. PEC's nationwide membership had different export needs and financial resources which imposed constraints on PEC's strategy and operations. A lack of...

Farmers buying plant food from cooperatives paid 8 percent less per ton than those buying from other firms. On the average, farmers paid $361 per ton of nutrient from cooperatives in 1975, compared with the $392 they paid noncooperatives. This price differential of $31 a ton saved cooperative...

When earnings decline in the face of rising production costs, farmers may find leasing and renting more attractive than owning their equipment. This-study provides information to cooperative machinery dealers and production credit associations on the benefits, drawbacks, and potential of leasing...

This study of operations and services was requested by the Equity Cooperative Livestock Sales Association of Baraboo, Wisconsin. It appraises nearly 20 years of operations following a transition from terminal market and private treaty selling to auction markets. Goal setting, consolidation or...

Pulse production in the United States has become geographically specific and concentrated, and the marketing channels for pulses have changed dramatically over the past 30 years. The most marked change has be~n the growth of large proprietary marketing firms which are vertically integrated as...

This study is the first to present a broad statistical picture of operations exporting cooperatives. Included are data pertaining to dollar volumes, destinations, and cooperative shares of total U.S. agricultural export volumes, phis information about marketing channels, foreign offices and...