This paper examines every NASDAQ ITCH feed message for the S&P 500 stocks for 2012 and identifies clusters of extremely high and extremely low limit order cancellation activity. We find results consistent with the ideas that cancel clusters are the result of high frequency traders jockeying for...

Defining α in high frequency trading is more complicated than in low frequency since not all strategies are based on price forecasts. More components are required, as is an understanding of the interactions between them. In this paper, we develop the α attribution model for high frequency...