countervailing power, via an increase in downstream concentration, depends on the competition regime between airlines and whether … airports can price discriminate: airline concentration reduces the landing fee when downstream competition is in quantities …, but if downstream competition is in prices only where airports cannot discriminate. Furthermore, only in a specific case …

We analyze the effect of competition on price dispersion in the airline industry and show that the outcome hinges on … redefining the extent of a market. Using panel data from 1993 to 2013, an increase in competition has a positive effect on price …

instrumenting is particularly important for estimating the effect of competition on the markup of the price leader. …

' entry decisions in the past. We find that instrumenting is particularly important for estimating the effect of competition …

' entry decisions in the past. We find that instrumenting is particularly important for estimating the effect of competition …

instrumenting is particularly important for estimating the effect of competition on the markup of the price leader. …

competition on the markup of the price leader. One more firm in the market is associated with a reduction of the price leader …'s markup which is equivalent to competition between existing firms for an additional three weeks in the product life cycle. Our … results support search theoretic models and contradict models of monopolistic competition. Moreover our results support the …