has played a major role in recent federal lawsuits against hospitals and hospital chains, but more importantly provides a … reputational or penalty costs. Our empirical work focuses primarily on hospital admissions involving pneumonia and respiratory … more to the hospital. Between 1989 and 1996, the incidence of the most expensive DRG (relative to all DRGs for pneumonia …

growth in the utilisation of private hospital care before and after 2015. Growth in the use of elective surgery in private … for-profit private hospital operators fell, and there is evidence of reduced capacity and a fall in long-term investment … in the private hospital sector. In 2020, COVID-19 has accelerated these trends and the economic recession is likely to …