We investigate two alternative explanations why men may hold more stocks than women. Apart from a gender difference in … risk aversion, gender differences in either optimism or in perceived risk of financial markets might cause men to hold more … issues, including the economy and the stock market. After taking differences in optimism into account systematic gender …

This paper presents a methodology for the incorporation of poverty related concepts into the goal programming paradigm …. The concepts of poverty line, absolute poverty and relative poverty are discussed in the context of their potential usage … in the field of Operations Research. The synergy between goal programming and poverty lines is examined. Two additional …