We investigate two alternative explanations why men may hold more stocks than women. Apart from a gender difference in … risk aversion, gender differences in either optimism or in perceived risk of financial markets might cause men to hold more … issues, including the economy and the stock market. After taking differences in optimism into account systematic gender …

This paper presents a methodology for the incorporation of poverty related concepts into the goal programming paradigm …. The concepts of poverty line, absolute poverty and relative poverty are discussed in the context of their potential usage … in the field of Operations Research. The synergy between goal programming and poverty lines is examined. Two additional …

2010 Census of Population and Housing data has generated information on the poverty status of provinces and districts in … the districts according to their poverty status. It is expected that this paper will contribute to fine-tuning geographic … poverty targeting efforts in Zambia. The rationale is that with the availability of such analysis, it will be possible to make …

in poverty. Is this mismatch between high economic growth and less significant poverty reduction due to how growth and … poverty are measured and reconciled, or more substantial underlying factors? Applying the first order dominance approach to … multi-dimensional welfare comparisons, this paper seeks to gain a greater understanding of the evolution of poverty in …