A new multi-objective method called Multi-Objective Electric Charged Particles Optimization (MOECPO) is proposed to optimally place wind turbines and at the same time select their optimal heights in an extensive area of wind farm considering several scenarios. This method permits the...

For more than 20 years now, wind power has been one of the main renewable energy sources, especially in countries like Denmark, one of the pioneer countries in developing onshore wind turbines. Whereas offshore wind utilization still has a high risk profile the repowering of wind converter...

Background: Dual-level stochastic programming is a technique that allows modelling uncertainty at two different levels, even when the time granularity differs vastly between the levels. In this paper we study the problem of determining the optimal fleet size and mix of vessels performing...