Exporting countries are concerned that sanitary standards might shield domestic industry from foreign competition. This study analyzes economic effects of changes in Western Hemisphere sanitary requirements on broiler trade in the Americas. A mathematical programming model detects that if Brazil...

This research investigated the efficiency of the crop enterprise mix farmers formulate to cope with moisture stress risk given the different constraints they are living with. Farmers’ moisture risk coping strategies are mainly explained by the allocation of farm land among the different crop...

We scrutinize the financial and environmental risk and its associated effect due to releasing carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the major greenhouse gases which mostly emit from coal-fired power plants. Various researchers suggested the non-linear optimization model...