This paper proposes new inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) models considering input and output efficiency measures for the time substitution problem. We compare our DEA model with existing models in the literature. We show that existing models in the literature overestimate the required...

This paper, following Kaldor's approach, is written with the intention of interpreting fluctuations of economic systems (i.e trade cycles). In particular, a new discretized Kaldor model is proposed, which is also useful to explain what appears to be random and unpredictable, such as economic...