artificial intelligence may or may not be cooperative. We study the determinants and forms of algorithmic cooperation in the … prisoner's dilemma games played by humans in the lab. We find that the same factors that increase human cooperation largely … also determine the cooperation rates of algorithms. However, algorithms tend to play different strategies than humans …

of utility and risk. This is a rather general pattern. The modern portfolio theory of Markowitz (1959) and the capital … utility. As a result, the growth optimal portfolio theory Lintner (1965) and the leverage space portfolio theory Vince (2009 …