Although the practicability of using wavelet neural networks (WNNs) in nonlinear function approximation has been addressed extensively, selecting the optimal number of hidden nodes and their appropriate initial locations remains a great challenge for WNNs' initialization. The cuckoo search...

Under adaptive learning, recursive algorithms are proposed to represent how agents update their beliefs over time. For applied purposes these algorithms require initial estimates of agents perceived law of motion. Obtaining appropriate initial estimates can become prohibitive within the usual...