An investment is a commitment of funds made in the expectation of some positive rate of return. A fundamental principle of investments is diversification, where investors diversify their investments into different types of financial assets. The different stocks can be clubbed in one portfolio....

Bottom-up optimization models neglect the inclusion of investment behavior We introduce three investor types that differ in their investment cost specifications, financing costs, and discounting. This leads to a substantially different pace and rate of adoption for specific generation...

This paper analyses the relationship between dispositional optimism and stock investments. Data are drawn from the second wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Dispositional optimism is found to be a relevant predictor of the ownership of stocks as well as of the share...