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This paper examines data on urbanization. We review the most commonly used data sources, and highlight the difficulties inherent in defining and measuring the size of urban versus rural populations. We show that differences in the measurement of urban populations across countries and over time...
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Most measures of vulnerability are a-theoretic and essentially static. In this paper we use a stochastic Ramsey model to find a household's optimal welfare and we measure vulnerability as the shortfall from the welfare attained if the household consumed permanently at the poverty line. The...
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This paper is devoted to risk management and risk measurement methods. The author considers methods of risk measurement … and proposes the Inte- gral Sum of Differential Weighted Indexes of Risks (or ISDWIR) method of risk measurement. The … method is based on dynamic enterprise risk matri- ces. The matrix describes the changes of corporate risk values over the …
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although risk can be measured, uncertainty cannot be measured. Even though risk can be measured, a simple symmetric measure … attempt at "measuring" risk or (fundamental) uncertainty is flawed. …
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