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the concepts and measurements of vulnerability to poverty by classifying them into welfarist, expected poverty, and … axiomatic approaches. We then review a number of empirical studies on vulnerability to poverty in Asia and elsewhere. This … review shows that poverty and vulnerability are related, but different, and that key determinants of vulnerability often …
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to estimate the population's vulnerability to poverty and analyze its underlying drivers. The findings show that ex …-ante vulnerability to poverty decreased over 2016 to 2019, a parallel trend to the poverty reduction observed in the country during this …
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Insurance companies can be exposed to climate-related physical risk through their operations and to transition risk through their $12 trillion of financial asset holdings. We assess the climate risk exposure of property and casualty (P&C) and life insurance companies in the U.S. We construct a...
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