policy. A critical dimension to poverty dynamics is vulnerability which conceptually pertains to the risk of future poverty …The reduction of poverty is at the heart of the development agenda both nationally and globally. This is reflected in … the measurement of poverty is ex post and thus, public interventions are directed at helping those who have been …

household consumed permanently at the poverty line. The results indicate that vulnerability is very sensitive to the time … to find a household's optimal welfare and we measure vulnerability as the shortfall from the welfare attained if the …