Purpose – Researchers often use partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate path models that include formatively specified constructs. Their validation requires running a redundancy analysis, which tests whether the formatively measured construct is highly...

With economic considerations exerting an ever-increasing influence on soccer clubs’ activities, fan satisfaction becomes an essential strategic management objective for these institutions. Despite this topic’s obvious relevance, the literature has paid little attention to the measurement of...