popular candidate invests more in the campaign and thereby increases her lead in expectation: polls create momentum. When …We explore how public opinion polls affect candidates' campaign spending in political competition. Generally, polls … and overtakes his opponent. Regardless of the type of equilibrium, polls have a tendency to decrease expected total …

In Colombia these polls do not withstand any rigorous testing. And contrary to expand the formation of public opinion …

This paper studies the effect of pre-election polls on the participation decision of citizens in a large, two …