Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the real urbanization level in China so as to provide a measurement that can be compared with the international level. Design/methodology/approach Taking into consideration 300m residents living in the administrative towns (300m residents here are...

It is natural to connect reinsurance problems with risk measures since a reinsurance contract is an efficient risk management tool for an insurer and the reinsurance premium can also be viewed as a measure of a reinsurer's risk. In this paper, we assume that the insurer uses a law-invariant...

In this paper we study the aggregate risk of inhomogeneous risks with dependence uncertainty, evaluated by a generic risk measure. We say that a pair of risk measures are asymptotically equivalent if the ratio of the worst-case values of the two risk measures is almost one for the sum of a large...