In this paper, we propose to use the so-called Sen-Shorrocks poverty index (Shorrocks, 1995) to measure …, the most common case in the literature, and introduce a rank-dependent multidimensional poverty index for multiple binary … indicators using a counting approach. The resulting multidimensional deprivation index, or MDI for short, also has a nice …

Index of refraction is found to be a good measure of economic inequality within the Lorenz curve framework. It has … of wealth or income in different strata. In line with this analogy, first I compute refractive index for each stratum …. While an index value of less than 1.00 represents an ‘anomalous refraction' in optics, such a condition of inequality …