This paper derives formulas for higher order duration measures, including D(1) (i.e. Macaulay duration), D(2) (i.e., slope duration), D(3) (curvature duration), etc. We develop a general iterative method to obtain formulas for any higher order measure D(m), for an arbitrary positive integer...

As we noted in Grover and Kizer [2016], the proliferation of style (or factor) investing has created a more complicated landscape for investors. It can be difficult for investors and their advisors to understand what style exposures a particular fund or strategy provides, whether the net expense...

We confirm the effectiveness of using cyclically-adjusted valuation metrics to identify high performing stocks. The Shiller P/E, or cyclically-adjusted price-to-earnings (CAPE) ratio, is not the optimal way to implement a cyclically-adjusted value measure. At the margin, the cyclically-adjusted...

We develop a measure of how information events impact investors' expectations of risk. The measure is broadly applicable and simple to implement. We derive it from an option-pricing model, where investors anticipate an announcement that simultaneously conveys information on the announcer's...

We develop and implement a new measure of information asymmetry among traders. Our measure is based on the intuition that informed traders are more likely than uninformed traders to generate abnormal volume in options or stock markets. We formalize this intuition theoretically and compute the...

Historical VaR, CVaR and ES (Expected Shortfall) to LIQUIDATION Software is a model characterized by its straightforwardness, allowing regulators measure risk using a standard database of primitive factors and portfolio positions only, leaving little error margin in comparing market risk for...

This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of information asymmetry in market microstructure through the Easley et al. (2002)'s PIN framework in two segments. Firstly, we test to see if factors such as size, value and illiquidity can be used to explain PIN. Secondly, we extend beyond the...