Foster and Hart proposed an operational measure of riskiness for discrete random variables. We show that their defining equation has no solution for many common continuous distributions. We show how to extend consistently the definition of riskiness to continuous random variables. For many...

We propose a novel systemic risk measurement model based on stochastic processes, correlation networks and conditional probabilities of default.For each country we consider three different economic sectors (sovereigns, corporates, banks) and we model each of them as a linear combination of two...

In this paper, estimates are presented on short-run effects of demand shocks on a local labor market’s employment to population ratio (employment rate). Based on the estimates, commuting zones (CZs) better define a local labor market than counties, because both employment and employment rate...

The objective of the paper is to survey the literature on capital structure theory, both traditional and modern approaches and choose an appropriate theoretical construct as a basis for identifying factors that will explain the state of financial distress/level of credit risk among corporate's....

The aim of a warning forecast is to signal “early enough” unfavorable changes in selected business activity areas, described by time series. A warning forecast is, by nature, a long-term forecast; its characteristic feature is the fact that it does not give values of forecasted variables but...

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) measures on credit ratings given to non-financial institutions by the largest credit rating agencies according to economic sector divisions. The hypotheses were as follows: a strong negative impact on...