Economics is dominated by model building, therefore a comprehension of how such models work is vital to understanding the discipline. This book provides a critical analysis of the economist's favorite tool, and as such will be an enlightening read for some, and an intriguing one for others.

Risk measures play a vital role in many subfields of economics and finance. It has been proposed that risk measures could be analysed in relation to the performance of variables extracted from empirical real-world data. For example, risk measures may help inform effective monetary and fiscal...

"This book systematically describes the fundamental understanding of collaboration, collaboration systems, and complex systems and then propose solutions to the related problems with the assistance of the model and methodology. The structure follows a typical technology development document that...