various channels. Men's migration may lead to women taking over household decisions regarding education expenditures … changes in women's decision making is expected to operate via permanent migration when the men are absent. The effect of … the case for households with temporary migrants, suggesting that women's decision participation decreases gender …

Women empowerment is the concept of various women writers. Manju Kapur and Bharathi Mukherjee, the prolific writers …, have used this theme in their novels. They portray the feelings of expatriate women and also predict them as an embodiment … of powerful women. Their nostalgia, frustration, longing for home and the quest for identity, mold them to be the …